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Astrophysical Studies on Space Experiments

• The TUS space experiment has been proposed to address some of the most important astrophysical and particle physics problems. It is aimed to measure energy spectrum, composition and angular distribution of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) at E 10 ¹⁹-10 ²⁰ eV, to study the region beyond of GZK cut off which puts a question about an alternative mechanism of their origin due to decays of supermassive particles predicted by the Grand Unification Theory and survived after the Big Bang. Existence of such particles is beyond the Standard Model of particle physics and is of great interest to the physical community. A study from the orbit is much more effective in a comparison with ground based detectors. The existing world statistics supposed to be increased in 2-3 times during 3 years of the global data taking. The TUS detector will give in first a possibility to study of UHECP neutrino's Extensive Air Showers (EAS) from a space orbit.
  
  
• The aim of the NUCLEON Project is direct CR measurements in the energy range 10 ¹¹-10 ¹⁵ eV and atomic charge range up to Z40 in the near-Earth space to resolve mainly the "knee" problem in CR spectrum: change of the energy spectrum slope from E ^2.7 to E ^3.0 at ~ 10 ¹⁵ eV. The CR phenomena in this energy region are investigated in terrestrial experiments by measurements of EAS parameters or in direct measurements with balloon or space experiments. Below ~ 10 ¹⁴ eV the spectrum and composition are known from direct observation with detectors flown on balloons and earth satellites. However, at higher energies the CR flux is smaller and more difficult for direct observation. The common view is that new experiments over wide charge and energy ranges are needed. They will help to test the existing theoretical conceptions and will become a basis for further studies. Space experiments like NUCLEON have a definite preference and attract more attention. The special interest of the JINR is the search for a signal of heavy particle production with M0.5 TeV, as expected for the lightest and stable SUSY or WIMP particle that is needed for the dark matter understanding.

• Design, production and measurement of Fresnel mirror technological prototype, including the software needed.
  
  
• Participation in production and ground tests of the TUS apparaties.
  
  
• Design, production and tests of the modified flight NUCLEON trigger detector. Beam tests.
  
  
• Development of the MC simulation program for flight NUCLEON detector. On-line prgram development and tests.
  
  
• The long term tests of the NUCLEON trigger system.
  
  

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