Outline

1. Brief Introduction to Big Bang Cosmology

- The expansion of the Universe

- The light element abundance

- The microwave background

2. The Inflationary Paradigm

- Homogeneity and flatness

- The origin of density perturbations

- The anisotropies of the microwave background

3. The origin of matter and structure in the Universe

- From metric perturbations to Large Scale Structure

- Preheating after Inflation

- Baryogenesis or the asymmetry matter/antimatter

Bibliography

Text Books

1. S. Weinberg, "Gravitation and Cosmology", Wiley (1972).
2. P.J.E. Peebles, "Principles of Physical Cosmology", Princeton (1993).
3. E. Kolb and M. Turner, "The Early Universe", Addison-Wesley (1990).
4. A. Linde, "Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology", Harwood (1990).
5. A.R. Liddle and D.H. Lyth, "Inflationary Cosmology and Structure Formation", Cambridge (1998).
6. A.A. Grib, S.G. Mamayev and V.M. Mostepanenko, "Vacuum Quantum Effects in Strong Fields", Friedmann Laboratory (1994).

Reviews and Articles

1. For recent observations see Proceedings of the Texas Symposium of "Relativistic Astrophysics", Paris, December 1998.
2. M. Turner, "Cosmological Parameters", astro-ph/9904051
3. L. Kofman, "Preheating after Inflation", astro-ph/9802221

Text Books

1. R.N. Mohapatra and P.B.Pal "Massive neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics" World Scientic, Singapore,1991
2. C.W.Kim and A. Pevsner "Neutrinos in Physics and astrophysics" Harwood Academic Press, Chur, Switzerland, 1993

Reviews

1. S.M.Bilenky,C,Giunti,W.Grimus "Phenomenology of neutrino oscillations" ep-ph 9812360
2. S.M.Bilenky, S.Petcov, Rev.Mod,Phys.59,671(1987)

   Outline

    I will discuss the physics potential of the two general-purpose pp LHC experiments: ATLAS and CMS. After a brief description of the two detectors and their expected performance, I will describe their potential for several physics topics, ranging from precision measurements within the Standard Model (e.g. W mass, top mass, heavy-flavour physics) to the search for New Physics (e.g. Higgs, Supersymmetry). The LHC potential will be also compared to results from the present machines (LEP2, TeVatron).

Suggested lectures:

- ATLAS Technical Proposal, CERN/LHCC/94-43, Chapters 1, 11.

- CMS Technical Proposal, CERN/LHCC/94-38, Chapters 1,12.

   Outline

We will start with the motivation for study heavy-ion collisions at high energies, namely the study of QCD at high temperature and/or high baryon-chemical potential. We will go through QCD phase diagram, we will discuss different predicted phases (hadronic matter, quark-gluon plasma, colour superconductor) and possible phase transitions between them (order of the phase transition, deconfinement transition, chiral symmetry restoration). Some simple estimates of the conditions at which the phase transition to quark-gluon plasma may occure will be presented. Further we will discuss the experimental signatures for the phase trasition (collective flow, particle correlations, critical fluctuations, strageness and charm enhancement, J/psi and Upsilon suppression, change of reconance parameters and other exotic phenomena) and recent results from BNL and CERN. We will mention the observed chemical and temperature equilibration. At the end prospects with new facilities at RHICH (starting first engineering run this June) and the ALICE detector at LHC (starting in 2005) will be presented.

Reading list:

1. B.Muller (Duke U.): Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: "Re-creating the Early Universe in the Laboratory", in Proceedings of "Workshop on pre-equilibrium parton dynamics", Berkeley 1993, p 1 - 39.
2. S.A.Bass et al.: Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys. 41 (1998) p 225 - 370.
3. Proceedings of Quark Matter '97: Nucl.Phys. A 638 (1998) 1 - 2.
4. R.Vogt: J/psi; production and suppression; Phys.Rep. 310 (1999) 4, p 197 - 260.

   Outline

Flavor physics, in contrast to 'gauge physics', adresses questions such as why there are so many different species (flavors) of quarks and leptons, why they come in groups (families), why they have their masses, what their couplings are, etc. On the speculative side, one tries to explain these facts with theories that go beyond the standard model, including Grand Unification, Superstrings and more. On the phenomenological side (theory and experiment), one must derive methods to investigate all the relevant questions. Existing methods include perturbative QCD, renormalization group techniques, heavy quark effective theories, lattice gauge theory etc. These are used to analize and interpret properties and weak decays of heavy particles (K and B mesons, top quark or also properties of neutrinos. The aim is to pin down all open parameters as precisely as possible in order to obtain hints for new physics beyond the standard model. These lectures will deal with some of the issues.

Reading list

1. By A.J. Buras, M. Lindner, (ed.) (CERN). 1998. World Scientific , Singapore HEAVY FLAVORS II. (Advanced series on directions in high energy physics, 15). This book contains high level review articles on all issues relevant for phenomenological investigations. for further treatments see:
2. HEAVY QUARK EFFECTIVE THEORY AND WEAK MATRIX ELEMENTS. M. Neubert (CERN). CERN-TH-98-2, Jan 1998, hep-ph/9801269.
3. WEAK HAMILTONIAN, CP VIOLATION AND RARE DECAYS. A. J. Buras (Munich, Tech. U.). TUM-HEP-316-98, Jun 1998, hep-ph/9806471. Very detailed and complete
4. TOP-QUARK C. Quigg, Phys.Today 50:20-26,1997 (No.5), hep-ph/9704332
5. MODEL BUILDING AND EXPLANATION OF FLAVOR. See for instance L.J. Hall, in Prog. Th. Phys. Supp. 123; p.311, 1996 and other articles therein.M. Carena, S. Dimopoulos, C.E.M. Wagner and S. Raby, Phys.Rev. D52, 1995. R. Barbieri, Surveys High Energ.Phys.13, p.71, 1998. R. Barbieri, L. J. Hall and A. Romanino, UCB-PTH-98-59, Dec 1998, hep-ph/9812384. (some of the issues will be also touched by M. Carena)

   Outline

1. Basic notions of Quantum Field Theory (QFT):
   • Quantum fields for particles;
   • Lagrangians;
   • Propagators;
   • Feynman rules and amplitudes;
   • The role of precision calculations by QFT methods in modern High Energy Physics.
2. Standard Model (SM) Lagrangian building:
   • The role of gauge invariance, gauge transformations;
   • Gauge sector, gauge fixing, unphysical scalars and Faddeev-Popov ghosts;
   • Basic gauges, t'Hooft-Feynman, Landau, unitary and R_xi;
   • Scalar sector, tad-poles, gauge invariance;
   • Fermionic sector, masses and mixing;
   • Feynman rules in the SM.
3. Towards precision predictions for experimental observables;
   • Peculiarities of QED sector;
   • Minimal knowledge about QCD sector of the SM;
   • Running coupling and masses;
   • The notion of Input Parameter Set (IPS) and its role in precision physics.
4. Tools for precision calculations:
   • N-loop diagrams and N-point functions;
   • Feynman parameterization. Dimensional regularization;
   • Passarino-Veltman functions;
   • Infrared and ultraviolet divergences.
5. One-loop diagrams and amplitudes:
   • Tadpoles, self-energies, vertices and boxes;
   • Renormalization for pedestrians. MS-bar and OMS-schemes;
   • Parameters 'Delta r' and 'delta\rho';
   • Examples of finite one-loop amplitudes;
   • A short review of higher order corrections.
6. Precision calculations for LEP/SLC:
   • Status of theoretical predictions;
   • Status of experimental data;
   • Indirect limits on Higgs boson mass;
   • Comparison of theory with experiment;
   • Future of precision high energy physics.

Bibliography:

1. S.M.Bilenkii, "Introduction to the Physics of Electroweak Interactions", Oxford, Uk: Pergamon (1982);
2. M.E.Peskin and D.V.Schroeder, "An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory", Addison-Wesley, (1995);
3. S.M. Bilenkii and J. Hosek, ``Glashow-Weinberg-Salam Theory of Electroweak Interactions and the Neutral Currents'', Phys. Rept., v90, (1982);
4. D.Yu.Bardin and G.Passarino, ``The Standard Model in the Making'', Oxford University Press, to appear in August 1999, see: http://www1.oup.co.uk/catalogue/

   Physics of B Factories

The primary raison d'etre of the two B factories now running in Japan and the USA is the measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in the decays of B mesons. The physics behind these proposed measurements will be reviewed,and the method of making the measurements will be outlined and contrasted with other methods. A brief overview of the other physics possibilities at B factories will be given, and the current status of the experiments will be summarised.

Reading list

   Outline

1. Some basics of perturbative QCD

a. Running coupling, definition at LO and NLO

b. Techniques for measuring $\alpha_S$

c. Compilation of measurements and world average value

2. QCD in e+e- annihilation

a. Total hadronic cross section in pQCD

b. Event shapes and jets

c. Jet algorithms

d. QCD tests with jets

e. Jet properties

    -- angular profiles

    -- quark versus gluon jets

    -- fragmentation functions and hadron multiplicity

f. Parton shower Monte Carlos

3. QCD in deep inelastic scattering

a. Kinematics, structure functions

b. Parton model d. Extraction of parton distribution functions from data

4. QCD in hadron--hadron collisions

a. The Drell-Yan process, factorization of singularities

b. Large transverse momentum jet production

c. Prompt photons and the gluon distribution

d. QCD at the LHC

Reading List

1. "QCD and Collider Physics", by R K Ellis, W J Stirling and B R Webber (Cambridge University Press, 1996), especially recommended
2. "An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory", by G Sterman (Cambridge University Press, 1993), especially Part IV
3. "Quantum Chromodynamics", by F J Yndurain (Springer-Verlag, 1983)
4. "Foundations of Quantum Chromodynamics", by T Muta (World Scientific, 1987)
5. "Basics of Perturbative QCD", by Yu L Dokshitzer et al. (Editions Frontieres, 1991)
6. "The Structure of the Proton, by R G Roberts, (Cambridge University Press, 1990)